Fiber material technology was born out of practical need. As body hair deteriorated, humans learned to extract fibers from plants and animals such as linen, cotton, wool, and silk and refine them into softer and more durable fabrics. In ancient India, cotton was woven into cloth that spread throughout the world. The ancient Egyptians made clothes out of linen; China's silk is not only practical and aesthetic, but also forms the Silk Road connecting the world, promoting trade development and cultural exchanges. These natural fibers come from nature, directly obtained from the original materials or artificially raised plants and animals, and generally have good hygroscopic, breathable, skin-friendly and environmentally friendly characteristics, mainly used in the textile industry.

Natural fiber fineness and length is not uniform, elongation ability is weak, chemical fiber technology came into being. As early as 1664, scientists proposed the idea of processing natural polymers or synthetic polymer materials to make fiber materials. But because little was known about the basic structure of fibers at the time, the idea wasn't realized until the 19th century, more than 200 years later. In 1891, rayon (viscose fiber) was first manufactured successfully, marking the beginning of human ability to make chemical fibers. In 1935, the invention of polyamide fiber created the history of synthetic fiber. This fiber material also has a familiar common name: nylon. The wear resistance of nylon is 10 times that of cotton, the strength is 1-2 times higher than cotton, 4-5 times higher than wool, can withstand tens of thousands of bending without breaking, chemical stability is strong, is the ideal material for clothing, ropes, etc., rapidly replacing natural fibers in many fields. Subsequently, polyester fiber (polyester) made of synthetic polymers obtained by chemical condensation of organic dibasic acid and dibasic alcohol, polypropylene fiber (polypropylene) made of petroleum refining by-product propylene as raw materials, and other synthetic fibers have come out.

In addition to nylon, polyester, polypropylene, common synthetic fibers are acrylic, chlorinated fiber, Vinylon, spandex and polyolefin stretch yarn, and so on. These fiber materials are made of synthetic polymer compounds, like new species in nature, with its unique characteristics and advantages, broaden the scope of application of fiber materials, not only plays an important role in daily life, but also shows great potential in industrial production.

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